Track bed

Benchmarking large scale GPR experiments on railway ballast

The overall aim of this project was to relate ground penetrating radar (GPR) to a ballast fouling index (FI). Laboratory research aimed at characterising the electromagnetic properties has enabled researchers worldwide to determine ballast thickness using impulse ground penetrating radar (GPR) - based upon derived values of the relative electrical permittivity or dielectric constant.

R. De Bold, G. O' Connor, John P. Morrissey, M.C. Force